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Q139Section III (Statistics)139 of 190

Building martingales from mean-zero, unit-variance increments

Let {Yn}\{Y_n\} be a sequence of independent random variables with mean zero and variance 1. Let Fn=σ(Y1,…,Yn)\mathbf F_n=\sigma(Y_1,\dots,Y_n). Consider the statements: (I) Xn=Y1+Y2+⋯+YnX_n=Y_1+Y_2+\dots+Y_n is a Fn\mathbf F_n-martingale. (II) Xn=∏k=1nYkX_n=\prod_{k=1}^nY_k is a Fn\mathbf F_n-martingale. (III) Xn=(∑k=1nYk)2−nX_n=(\sum_{k=1}^nY_k)^2-n is a Fn\mathbf F_n-martingale.

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